Digital Design

Assignments

Annotated Bibliography

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Primary Sources:

Asztalos, Joanne. “Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Television Commercials and the Effects on Consumer Purchasing Behavior.” West Virginia University, 2003. https://search.proquest.com/abicomplete/docview/305278381/abstract/27A17A6C51134CC3PQ/5.

This study was produced by Joanne Asztalos as a graduate thesis for a master’s program at West Virginia University. It investigates the degree to which gender stereotypes are shown in children’s television commercials and its effect on consumer behavior. The study recorded gender roles, traits, products, and scripts of commercials directed towards girls, boys, and neutral audiences. It then developed focus groups to correlate the gender stereotypes in these commercials with child consumer behaviors. Results of this study found that children’s television commercials feature many gender stereotypes, and that significantly more male actors are shown with neutral products than female. While boys in the study had no interest in products marketed towards girls, girls showed an interest in masculine-marketed toys. My project will use this study as evidence towards how gendered marketing is being consumed by children, and the effect that this has on their perception of which toys are meant for them. Child consumer behavior found in this study will be contrasted with adult consumer purchasing behaviors for themselves and their children.

Idle, Tracey, Eileen Wood, and Serge Desmarais. “Gender role socialization in toy play situations: Mothers and fathers with their sons and daughters.” Sex Roles 28. 11-12 (1993): 679-691.

This study, conducted by three Psychology professors at Wilfrid Laurier University, examined the interactions between and within 20 families with children. They found that when parents were separated from their child, they preferred traditional roles: masculine toys for boys and feminine for girls. However, when in play with their child, parents did not follow this pattern and children eagerly played with all toys. My work will use this source to demonstrate one reason for the gendered marketing of toys: companies are catering to consumer behavior (parents). When parents go shopping for their child (often done without the child present) they will gravitate towards traditionally gendered products. This acts as evidence to explain the spike of gendered marketing in the 1990’s. As the study was conducted almost 30 years ago, it would be very interesting to repeat the study in today’s climate and compare results.

Secondary Sources:

Fine, Cordelia, and Emma Rush. ““Why does all the girls have to buy pink stuff?” The ethics and science of the gendered toy marketing debate.” Journal of Business Ethics 149.4 (2018): 769-784.

This literature review, published in the Journal of Business Ethics, examines the ethical and scientific assumptions of the gendered toy marketing debate by critically analyzing three points of contention: the influence of gendered toy marketing on toy preferences, whether these effects are universally negative or positive, and the economic feasibility of gender-neutral marketing. The review determines that gendered toy marketing misrepresents toy interests of both genders as fixed and separate entities, that it increases stereotypical toy preferences, and that it reinforces gender stereotypes that then inform stereotype-driven interests, self-concepts, biases towards others. Finally, they conclude that gender-neutral marketing would open traditionally gendered toys to a broader market, and thus increase profits. This review is very useful to my project, as it cites many primary sources in order to determine these conclusions that we can draw upon in later analysis. The broad overview of research within this work culminates in a thesis that can be used as an initial hypothesis driving our own research. Finally, we will use this work to demonstrate the negative effects of gendered toy marketing to the professionals in the field that we will be in contact with.

Sweet, Elizabeth. “Toys are more divided by gender now than they were 50 years ago.” The Atlantic 9 (2014): 2014.

The author, Elizabeth Sweet, is a postdoctoral scholar and sociologist at the University of California. Her article describes the history of gendered toy marketing and its ties to gender discrimination, asking the question: in a time when gender discrimination is supposedly at its lowest, why do we see the most gender micro-categorization in toys? This work surveys toy advertisements by decade to track the rise and fall of gendered marketing, citing toy advertisements throughout the years. My project will use this source to create a timeline of gendered toy marketing throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in order to develop theories to explain this rise and fall.

Tertiary Sources: These sources will be identified later in the research process.

Pledged: MCM

Annotations

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Our topic is the refugee resettlement process. The three secondary sources annotated below are scholarly articles that appeared in periodicals.

Brown, Anastasia, and Todd Scribner. “Unfulfilled Promises, Future Possibilities: The Refugee Resettlement System in the United States.” Journal on Migration and Human Security, vol. 2, no. 2, June 2014, pp. 101–20. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/233150241400200203.

Anastasia Brown and Todd Scribner’s 2014 article “Unfulfilled Promises, Future Possibilities: The Refugee Resettlement System in the United States” presents a survey of over 80 years of United States policy concerning refugees, from the response to the influx of displaced people caused by World War II to the Refugee Act of 1980 and beyond. This article provides a history of refugee access to federally funded programs, while also proposing a series of reforms to create a robust system for refugee assistance. Brown and Scribner regard the Refugee Act of 1980, which established formal processes of cooperation between the federal government and non-federal resettlement agencies, as model of promising reform that expedited refugee settlement. The authors argue that the Act’s potential remains unrealized, however, as the early 1980s also saw the erosion of federal backing for domestic resettlement as part of a wider effort to cut back the welfare state. Accompanying this erosion of public services was a growing identification among the American public of refugee policies as a kind of welfare, leading to widely held views of refugees as a dependent population (108-109). Using historical precedent as a model, Brown and Scribner call for the United States to “live up to its unfulfilled promise” and realign itself “with the vision set forth in the Refugee Act of 1980” (103). They propose a more flexible package of refugee benefits, allowing individuals to move from their initial place of resettlement as well as a model of improved communication between the Office of Refugee Resettlement and resettlement agencies to coordinate information sharing pertaining to critical areas such as healthcare and mental health. Alongside historical and legal policy, the article relies on reports by the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and US Government Accountability Office, testimony by representatives on the House Subcommittee on Immigration, and analyses by the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service (LIRS). I found this article relevant to our project in providing context for the history of refugee policy in the United States as well as the post-Refugee Act developments that have scaled back resources and assistance.

Kosny, Agnieszka, et al. “Another Person in the Room: Using Interpreters During Interviews With Immigrant Workers.” Qualitative Health Research, vol. 24, no. 6, June 2014, pp. 837–45. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/1049732314535666.

Difficulty of communication within cross-language research is the focus of Agnieszka Kosny, Ellen MacEachen, Marni Lifshen, and Peter Smith in their 2014 article “Another Person in the Room: Using Interpreters During Interviews With Immigrant Workers.” Kosny et al. establish that research shows immigrants often take positions outside of their previous experience or training, exposing them to a heightened risk of workplace injury (837). Language barriers often prevent immigrant workers from accessing information about their rights and workers’ compensation policy. This article presents the argument that interpreters can exacerbate these language barriers, leading to communication problems between immigrants injured on the job and the agents seeking to connect them to resources without any proficiency in the language of those they are trying to assist. In their interviews with 28 immigrant workers in Toronto, Ontario who had been injured at their jobs, the authors experienced a range of difficulties introduced by the complicating presence of an interpreter in the interview process. Among those difficulties, which the authors claim they “greatly underestimated” at first, were the interpreters’ direct insertions into the interview process, addressing participants with their own interjections and questions, evaluating statements, and stopping or discouraging the participants from sharing information (839-840). This influence included participants being cut short, interpreter and participant speaking over each other, and incongruence between the answers given by participant and interpreter, all leading to difficulties in transcribing the interviews. The observations and claims in this article are qualitative, relying on the researchers’ relating the challenges of receiving clear data from the often-conflicting contributions of participants, interpreters, and translators. The data that the authors bring in to support and contextualize their argument consists of other studies of linguistic research conducted within 15 years of this article’s publication. The authors call for greater attention to the reality that the interpreter is never a neutral transmitter of a message and can affect qualitative data (838). The article concludes with a list of potential improvements to communication within cross-language research. These proposed improvements include assessing the language level of participants during the screening process, hiring experienced interviewers and briefing them prior to the interview, explaining the process to the participant and developing clear guidelines for translators (842-843). The suggestions Kosny et al. propose for cross-language research as well as the difficulties they outline will inform our group’s approach in facilitating interviews that will likely include the mediating influence of an interpreter or translator.

Nawyn, Stephanie J., et al. “Linguistic Isolation, Social Capital, and Immigrant Belonging:” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, vol. 41, no. 3, Jan. 2012. pp. 255-82. journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.1177/0891241611433623.

In their 2012 article “Linguistic Isolation, Social Capital, and Immigrant Belonging,” Stephanie J. Nawyn, Linda Gjokaj, DeBrenna LaFa Agbényiga, and Breanne Grace consider the linguistic isolation of recent immigrants in Michigan and argue for the independence of social capital from economic factors in refugee assimilation into a community. Nawyn et al. establish that previous sociological scholarly consensus presents social capital as a variable within the larger equation of economic resources before presenting their own dissenting position that social capital constitutes a value of its own independent from market dynamics and therefore is “more than just an economic good” (257). The authors rely on the concept of social capital as defined by French sociologist and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu as “the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition” (Bourdieu 248). They cite sociological studies of social networks throughout their article in support of their overall point that social capital is independent from economic factors, as illustrated by the presence of linguistic barriers regardless of relative economic status for immigrants who do not speak the language of their receiving country. The authors interviewed 36 Burundian and Burmese adult refugees who had recently settled in Grand Rapids and Lansing, Michigan. The interview participants “overwhelmingly cited learning English as their biggest challenge” to caring for themselves and loved ones as well as better integration within their communities (Nawyn et al. 272). Many participants felt that their lack of English skills kept them from being accepted and respected in their receiving communities and from developing social ties within those communities that would connect them to important resources (256). Nawyn et al. report that the main problem resulting from the participants’ lack of English skills was not the barrier to employment, though it was mentioned consistently, but rather that they could not access basic information pertaining to healthcare, reporting mistreatment, or making requests (265). The interviews demonstrate that lack of ability to communicate in the dominant language of one’s receiving country prevents one for advocating for oneself. The researchers conclude that scholars should “focus greater attention on language as noneconomic social capital” (259). Social capital should be considered independently from economic capital because, as the interviews demonstrate, lack of dominant language skill remains a barrier regardless of whether refugees are employed. For many participants of the interview, “even if speaking English would not improve their employment opportunities, it would allow them to access information… important for their survival” (275). The authors resist the articulation of linguistic social capital as a footnote to economics. This study is relevant to our topic because one of our areas of focus is the community and assistance agencies to which the interview participants belong, if any, as well as whether they feel as if they have been able to access all the resources available to them.

Works Cited:

Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Forms of Social Capital.” Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, J. G. Richardson, Greenwood, 1991.

Brown, Anastasia, and Todd Scribner. “Unfulfilled Promises, Future Possibilities: The Refugee Resettlement System in the United States.” Journal on Migration and Human Security, vol. 2, no. 2, June 2014, pp. 101–20. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/233150241400200203.

Kosny, Agnieszka, et al. “Another Person in the Room: Using Interpreters During Interviews With Immigrant Workers.” Qualitative Health Research, vol. 24, no. 6, June 2014, pp. 837–45. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/1049732314535666.

Nawyn, Stephanie J., et al. “Linguistic Isolation, Social Capital, and Immigrant Belonging:” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, vol. 41, no. 3, Jan. 2012. pp. 255-82. journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.1177/0891241611433623.

Pledged – G.P.

Annotated Bibliography

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Primary Sources

Our primary sources will be students and aging adults who are involved in the Grandfriends program on Davidson College’s campus, as well as people in other Davidson communities, like The Pines and Ada Jenkins. We will conduct interviews with the members of Grandfriends and people who live at The Pines or work at Ada Jenkins. We will also attend a Grandfriends event and report on it.

Secondary Sources

1) Blakemore, Erin. “Want a good life as you age? Book says finding purpose, maintaining social inclusion are some of the keys.” The Washington Post [Washington, D.C.], 18 Jan. 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/health/want-a-good-life-as-you-age-book-says-finding-purpose-maintaining-social-inclusion-are-some-of-the-keys/2020/01/17/035d567e-37f7-11ea-9541-9107303481a4_story.html.

This article makes salient points about a book called Aging Well: Solutions to the Most Pressing Global Challenges of Aging. It stresses the importance of social inclusion in order for older people to maintain a sense of purpose in the world and a connection to society. The books serves as a guide and provides important logistical information regarding aging, but it also takes this a step further by exploring social aspects of aging and the problems that arise. The author, William A. Haseltine, is also the chair and president of ACCESS Health International, a think tank in New York that is devoted to accessible health care. He focuses specifically on eldercare policies and practices that promote inclusion and purpose. One of these practices is cohousing, which is gaining some popularity in cities. Cohousing is where people, usually one older and one younger, share common spaces or a full home. He also mentions intergenerational programming in schools, as well as general public spaces, like parks, as facilitating intergenerational connection and activity.

The article also states that a 2017 study that was funded by AARP found that “older people who lack social contacts had higher death rates and spent more on health care than their more connected counterparts” (Blakemore). This social isolation was responsible for an estimated $6.7 billion in additional federal spending. This shows that intergenerational relationships have both a social and economic impact. The article also claims that the practices in this book help to combat “pervasive systemic ageist stereotypes and prejudices” (Blakemore). This source is important because it illuminates how intergenerational relationship studies discourse is not stagnant, and that there are scientists and philanthropists with credibility who are working on and writing about the issues with aging, and how to combat them. If possible, I think that it would be helpful to look at a few chapters of Aging Well.

2) George, Daniel R. “Intergenerational Volunteering and Quality of Life: Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Randomized Control Trial Involving Persons with Mild to Moderate Dementia.” Quality of Life Research, vol. 20, no. 7, 2011, pp. 987–995. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41488817. Accessed 6 Feb. 2020.

This article reports on the purpose, background, methods, data collection and data analysis of a study done in Cleveland, Ohio, to assess the effects of intergenerational programming on both students and adults/elderly people with symptoms of dementia. There were two groups of students: one with children aged 5-6 and the other with children aged 11-14. The criteria for the adult participants was that they had to be over 50 years old, be diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia, have basic literacy and a willingness to read children’s books, be able to walk or be transported easily, and not have severe depression, anxiety, or agoraphobia. The participants met with each of the groups on alternating weeks for a 5-month interval, so this was a relatively long term project in order to collect the most accurate and sustained results. They looked for perceived health benefits, both physically and socially.

When surveying the participants after the 5-month period, the adult and elderly participants reported an increased sense of purpose and usefulness (role continuation, reminiscence, joy of teaching children), health benefits (reduced stress and depression, youthful energy, cognitive stimulation), and relationship building (physical touch, proxy grandchildren, racial reconciliation, acceptance, reciprocity). The results also include transcriptions from interviews of the adult/elderly participants about their experiences. All of them speak of positive learning experiences on both ends. The idea of reciprocity is important in this study, even though the results focus on the older participants. The participants focus on the cognitive effects on both themselves and the students, showing that they were positively influenced by knowing that they were helping the students as well. Overall, this article illuminates the importance of gathering quantitative data as well as personal narratives for understanding the benefits of intergenerational programming.

3) Hatton-Yeo, Alan, and Clare Batty. “Evaluating the Contribution of Intergenerational Practice to Achieving Social Cohesion.” Promoting Social Cohesion: Implications for Policy and Evaluation, edited by Peter Ratcliffe and Ines Newman, 1st ed., Bristol University Press, Bristol, UK; Portland, OR, USA, 2011, pp. 243–258. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qgw9s.18. Accessed 6 Feb. 2020.

This article focuses on “intergenerational solidarity,” meaning the feeling of a sense of identity formed by close family ties which provides as strong foundation for identification. This solidarity helps to facilitate mutual support in intergenerational relationships. This article also claims that the economic relationship is another important facet of intergenerational relationships. In order to promote this idea of social solidarity and community relationships, there needs to be more social and economic equality instead of cultural unity, claims sociologist Natalia Letki. Co-authors Alan Hatton-Yeo and Clare Batty state that this is one important factor of why intergenerational relationships have worsened in the 21st century. Their list of reasons includes: economic changes that separate marginalized communities, the erosion of family structures, a weakened sense of community, especially amongst young people, and more young men growing up disaffected from society.

They do not focus on one study, but rather look at already established intergenerational programs throughout the world and the results gathered from them. These programs include intergenerational volunteering, programs to promote safe community relationships, programs to promote active aging and improved health, and programs to support young people. They claim that these programs help to develop social capital (“defined as an increase in networks, trust or reciprocity”) because they benefit both young and old members of society and make them more involved and impactful in their communities (250).

Overall, this article aims to serve as a basis for looking at the problems affecting intergenerational relationships and the effects of certain programs. They claim that, although intergenerational programming has become more popular, “the number of documented assessments and published evaluation studies … is relatively small” (255). This is important to note because it shows that these relationships and programs are happening, but they can be recorded and disseminated more. This study aims to do that, start a more cohesive dialogue, and also bring light to this issue by illuminating the importance of intergenerational relationships.

Tertiary Sources:

We have yet to identify any tertiary sources.

Annotations

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Topic: Sustainability in the Fashion Industry

Bibliography 

  1. Secondary Sources

Bansal, Pratima, and Mark DesJardine. “Business Sustainability: It Is about Time.” Strategic Organization, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014, pp. 70–78. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43581992. Accessed 30 Jan. 2020.

Pratima Bansal and Mark DesJardine’s work “Business Sustainability: It Is about Time” clarifies the concept of sustainability in the business sphere. The term sustainability takes on numerous connotations and the lack of clarity carried by this term insues. This article seeks to remedy this situation with their development of a definition around the concept of time. They state that sustainability takes into account the relationship it has with the present and future. They also note that sustainability doesn’t have to negatively affect business, but rather can positively affect both the community and business’s future.

This article outlines an understanding of sustainability. An understanding of sustainability is a crucial part to deciphering the effect of fashion on sustainability efforts. The approach taken in the article develops a fairly clear and concise definition. The elaboration does not stifle the clarity of their definition. In addition, the relatively simple concept enables the reader to achieve understanding and apply it easily to further applications. 

This article could provide a basis for our research. Through a reading of this article, one can understand two important aspects of sustainability. The first is the definition of sustainability which is at the core of this article. This might allow our research to effectively assess actions taken by fashion businesses for their sustainability. In addition this article places its definition in context of how it can be utilized to better adapt the industry to its goal of benefitting not simply the present situation but the future. This understanding can aid our research by application to why our research matters. It is important to see this connection that sustainability must persist in form to improve upon our present state.

“Philosophic-Anthropological Implications of Fashion.” Fashion Myths: A Cultural Critique (Translated by John Irons), by Roman Meinhold and John Irons, Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 2013, pp. 37–110. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxspz.4. Accessed 30 Jan. 2020.

 In 2013, Roman Meinhold and John Irons connected fashion to a psychological understanding of an individual in society. They unfold ways in which fashion can play a role for an individual to define their life and how they can impress that upon society. They outline several stories which can be told through fashion which intertwine with social theories. These theories help explain the interaction between fashion and people. This interaction is elaborated upon with philosophy and social theories.

This text can be summarized into three ideas. The first concept is that people are affiliating themselves with god-like qualities with the clothes they wear. The second concept is that they could be showing themselves to be better than others with their clothes and the last is that they are showing an internal self. These three ideas are largely explained through meandering discussion on how and why people express themselves to others. I think that overall, there are many complex ideas in this work, which sometimes seems irrelevant. Yet, this work can supply a perspective on why fashion can be  important in human lives.

I believe this work would be useful to our studies because it reveals not only the significance of fashion, but also exemplifies its power through an analysis of personal interactions. Fashion can be a source of expression which shapes the social structures of individuals. It represents power and authority. It also signifies human behavior patterns which bring forth powerful insight on our society as a whole. This work can enable our research to resonate not only in a business sphere but also help us position our work in a social sphere as well. 

Park, Hyejune, and Youn-kyung Kim. “An Empirical Test of the Triple Bottom Line of Customer-Centric Sustainability: The Case of Fast Fashion.” Fashion and Textiles; Heidelberg, vol. 3, no. 1, Dec. 2016, pp. 1–18. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40691-016-0077-6. 

This article published in 2016 provides a modern perspective on the sustainability movement. It also takes a decisive route towards defining sustainability in the fashion industry. In this way, it utilizes the term the Triple Bottom Line. The Triple Bottom Line defines the importance of ecological environment, economy, and social equity when it evaluates sustainability in a business setting. The article continues to elaborate on this definition and its contextualization in the business world.

The article does an effective job of defining its parameters and goals. It supports its assertions through further exploration and clarification of its terms. It highlights what is meant by the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Then it additionally bolsters its aims through applying evidence from its research analysis and experiment. In this way, it provides a clear and strong argument of why the Triple Bottom Line is a way of evaluating sustainable fashion.

I believe that this article will provide necessary information for our project. This article successfully provides a way to evaluate and define sustainable fashion. In our project we aim to explore this topic through multiple angles and dimensions. For this reason, this article allows us to more clearly define those dimensions and to further expand on our topic of fashion sustainability. The article additionally can be used for its research and data driven evaluation which could help us evaluate and find ways to replicate their evaluation process.

Annotated Bibliography

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Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

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Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

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Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

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Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

Annotated Bibliography

·

Henninger, Claudia E., et al. “What Is Sustainable Fashion?” Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management; Bradford, vol. 20, no. 4, 2016, pp. 400–16. ProQuest, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Henninger explores both the history of and the broad use of the term “sustainable fashion,” concluding that there is no singular definition rather a list of possible aspects that different individuals or groups can use to build their own definition of the term. Henninger provides a “sustainable fashion matrix” with all the possible trigger words or terms that typically go along with the term sustainable fashion and acknowledges its limited research pool, the slow fashion market. The multiple definitions will help this project create a definition specific to the project, that can then be the basis of the way the project interprets sources, brands, clothing, and other information.

John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. “Converging Sustainability Definitions: Industry Independent Dimensions.” World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 12, no. 3, 2015, pp. 206–32.

In this secondary source, John and Narayanamurthy create a new form of “holistic definition” for sustainability using a model that brings four elements – environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs – to create a philosophy of sustainability. The E3S model gives strategic, tactical, and operational suggestions for all four elements, making the implementation of sustainability easy for existing companies and groups. This source will be useful for this project because it gives a basic framework for how to judge sustainability in general, in comparison to the previous article where the focus is sustainable fashion.

Shen, Bin. “Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from H&M.” Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 9, 2014, pp. 6236–6249. davidson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com, doi:10.3390/su6096236.

In this peer reviewed secondary source, Shen uses H&M as the example for how to bring sustainability to an already established fast fashion corporation, while still questioning the practices of the company, which has not been completely successful according to Shen. H&M tried to increase sustainability across the board, from the materials used to the carbon emissions of transport; but Shen discovers that the attempt at a sustainable supply chain is more for marketing to the guilt of consumers than a dedication to the cause. This is known as “green retailing.” This source will be beneficial to the project because not only does it explain the relationship of fast fashion and sustainable fashion, it also has an extensive literature review that will be useful when looking at fast fashion companies and their green retailing.

Pledged: Grace Hall

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